I Just Wanna Be Average free essay sample

Amy Clark English 111 Professor Nevins February 2nd, 2012 Audience Analysis In this summary I will target the Jr high and high school audience. I feel each of them should hear this because this is the time they are deciding to go or not to go to college. I feel each of them need to feel important at this time because they have low self of esteem and they need to believe they too can do anything they put their minds to. I hope to influence a few of them to go for it become what they want to be not what someone else see for them. I wish this was a book that all 7th and 8th graders would have to read. I think this would give some of them the hope that they need to become great people. For many children in the past, present, and future may be hard for them school for many Different reason; teacher students and students and student not getting along happen a lot. We will write a custom essay sample on I Just Wanna Be Average or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Adolescents: is just hard for most children their bodies are changing they have mood swings. So anyway Mike Rose in the â€Å"I just Wanna Be Average† is an example of this. Mike Rose according to http://faculty. kirkwood. edu/site/indet. phd? =24929 he has published poetry, scholarly research, a text book, and a widely praised book on America’s educationally Underprivileged Live on the Boundary. He is associate director of UCLA writing programs And has won a wards from National Academy of education, the National council of teachers of English, and the John Simon Guggeheim Memorial foundation. It is really hard to believe that Teacher paddles and smack and shake their students. But my mother would tell us stories as we where growing up that she had a teacher that used a ruler and would have them lay their hands on the desk and slap the ruler across them. We have a big thing now about being bullied I could not think that teachers being on the bulling side of this. But even as an 8th grader in school. I had a student counselor give me advice about pre-college classes we was all going in to get some advice about what to do. So I was so excited about what she was going to tell me because I had all of my friends telling what she had told them and how she helped them out. So I had got some time to go in: now it was my turn. I knew my grades where A’s and B’s with a few C’s. Then looked at me and told me that I would never be able to go to college. I could not understand but she said that there was no need to take any pre-college classes. I just wanted to break down and cry but I did not right then but later I did. I already had a father at home that put me down now at school too I left so stupid so I did not take any pre-college classes. School became just a place to hang out and make weekend plains I still made the same grades I just had more time to mess around I got passes to go down to work on the school banners down in the art room. About ten years ago I ran into a girl that graduated a year before me and we started talking and to Come to find out she (the counselor) had told her the same thing. That is when I started to feel better about myself after that. But I wish I could run into her so I could tell her that she should have never told me or anyone else that we had no chance of going to college. That she should have been positive to me and to everyone and anyone else that she talks to about college. I did not need that in my life at that time it was bad enough having a father that would put me down and smacked me around. That was the year he beat me with a belt so bad and he hit me with the end with the belt buckle I had marks around my neck and up and down my back and in gym class we had to change in front of each other and I had to hide in the stall or someone would see I wanted to tell but she had already been so mean already there was no way I was telling her (the counselor) anything. Yes I am at a good place in life now and I would tell her all of this. Back to the â€Å"I just Wanna be Average† story. I was glad he got involved with sports and he made a couple of really good friends. I encouraged my daughter to go out for track also. As I was reading on I almost cried when I got to the part about his father and his grandfather. About his father’s legs being amputated and his grandfather losing his in a stockyard accident. His father was confined to a wheel chair. I understood about being confined I was born with club Feet thinking all were good with them. I had swelling in my right foot almost every day. But I Still had good days and I could still go jogging and I loved it. But I went to the doctor and he Thought I needed surgery and he put screws in my right ankle. But at the time I did not know I would now never run again. So I went to a specialist and he told me anyone with club feet should never have had that surgery done. So I called the doctor that done the surgery and keep leaving messages that I wanted to talk to him about this. So instead of him meeting with me. I received a bill in the mail saying everything is paid in full. Now I cannot run to relieve stress or work in a factory. That is why I am going back to school to get a job that gets me off my feet. So that is why I was so glad when he met the English teacher that changed his life forever. I love the teacher’s that get involved as he done. He had him over and he got to read every thing titled. He got to flip through paper backs and scanned jackets and memorized names: Gogol Finnegan’s Wake, Djuna Barnes, Jackson Pollock, A Coney Island of the mind, F. O. Mattiessen’s American Renaissance, all sorts of Freud, Troubled sleep, Man Ray, The Education of Henry Adams, Richard Wright, and many more. I could not believe he called around and get a loan to go to college. He is just an amazing teacher and it is hard for me to believe that anyone would do anything like that. I loved that he had a happy ending. His school day’s was really hard and I really don’t know if I could ever handle what he went through without snapping, with the teacher being abused of and having his father going through what he went through at home. He really did not get a break until he met the English teacher and think God he did. We all need an angle sent to us just some of us do not get that. Work Cited Rose, Mike â€Å"I Just Wanna Be Average† Live on the Boundary 1989, Kirkwood community college 2011 Friday, February 03, 2012

Subculture Essay Example

Subculture Essay Example Subculture Essay Subculture Essay To start the article, it is necessary to learn thoroughly the meaning of the word culture. From where did this word come? Basically, ‘Culture’ is a word, which means civilization, and where there is a civilization, there is a group of people living together in the form of communities belonging to different castes. Culture is a word derived from the Latin word cultura, which means to cultivate. Cultivation here can be taken in different meanings. However, this does not only mean the cultivation of fertile lands but the real in depth meaning to this meaning is to cultivate a society by forming unity among the people. When we talk about culture, many things are produced from its formation. Not only from this word but the system also rises in the human body that cells make up tissues, tissues make up muscles. The same system is with every innovation of human being. Same as that whenever we talk about culture, after defining it the second thing that comes in the mind is society. Society finds its way from the creation of culture, its norms or mores and traditions. But here the question arises that what do we need to create a better society? Only culture? If only culture, then what is so efficient fact in culture that it is a key to create a society? The answer is very simple.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  To create a society it is necessary to create traditions and mores. When we create our traditions and mores, we name it culture. Through the creation of traditions and mores culture come into existence however people believe in their so called man made beliefs and this leads towards the creation of a society. Before society it is a necessary step to discuss some detail about mores and traditions. Tradition too is a Latin word known as traditio. The help of Latin words produc es most of the words of the English language. According to most common definitions of tradition, it is a man made word meaning of beliefs which are created by man. Man made his own limitations, gods, goddesses, religions and traditions. Some restrict themselves in the limitations of their cultures or traditions however many of them use their policy of ignorance towards these beliefs. Besides creating all these laws and traditions, one more thing that arises for the betterment of people are mores. Mores direct the people towards the good deeds and it clears the concept of right and wrong from the minds of people. To establish a society it is necessary to produce new and advanced mores in which there should be a strict law and order and society should be based on the basis of facts, not on those beliefs, which are created by the human beings themselves. Mores can build a society and mores can also play an important role in the destruction of the society. It has been learned that nothing is perfect in this world. Everything has negative and positive aspects., but it depends on our mentality that what we want to do because it is like an example that positive side of a magnet always attract the negative side and the negative one attracts the positive side. It has been proved that people find their ways towards the mores of their own will. When they think enjoying their negative activities, then they have no space for the betterment of the state, country o city in which they reside. However, the main point here is that who is the main culprit behind the creation of such negative aspects in the society? May be it is the society itself who blame their own people when they are doing something wrong. It has been well said, â€Å"Society prepares the crime, and the criminal commits it†. In this phrase some faults of the society have been highlighted as well as the faults of the people also have been highlighted who are so weak by mind in an innovative era that they are making no use of their minds. All of the above statements clarify that it is the society who’s negative and positive affects lead the minds of the people towards destruction. We see many flaws in our society when we observe it closely. Nowadays, with the informat ion boom all blame for corrupting young minds lies heavily on the shoulders of the media. This isn’t so; people don’t get corrupt surfing the net or watching television. These media offer a wide variety of options, so why is it that our youth forgoes the positive aspects of the media and tends to go absorb the negative effects? I feel that our youth is intelligent enough to understand what is good and what is harmful for them. Education, shelter, health, freedom of expression, security of people, democratic norms, and justice are the basis of every civilized society. But unfortunately what we find in our society are lies, illiteracy, poverty and injustice. These negative aspects of society that most people experience force them on to the path of corruption and thus being frustrated by their circumstances they are attracted towards different vices. If we want to develop our nation it is important that our youth are educated and have ample opportunities to channelize their energies in a positive direction. Parents should encourage their child’s creativity and must provide them with opportunities to exercise their individuality in a free environment. This will help children grow into healthy, intelligent beings who understand that they have a right to their ideas but they cannot impose their ideas on someone else. This will breed an atmosphere of tolerance and will provide the country with stability. Besides this, more facilities for sports and recreation must be provided so that the youth don’t waste their time in front of the Internet or television. We must also provide them with jobs so that they become financially stable and must follow merit while doing so, so that the right people get the right jobs. This will give way to more opportunities and clear the way for a better economy, which will give us a better way of life. Men are so inclined to content themselves with what is commonest; the spirit and the senses so easily grow dead to the impressions of the beautiful and perfect, that every one should study, by all methods, to nourish in his mind the faculty of feeling these things. For this reason, one ought every day at least, to hear a little song, read a good poem, see a fine picture, and, if it were possible, to speak a few reasonable words. (â€Å"Learning Commons†) We must also encourage our youth to hold on to their traditions and values. We must move ahead but we must never forget our basis and who we are. Here the parents must tell the children about their traditions and must make sure that even though they move ahead on to the path of innovation they do not forget their culture and identity. In this article I have defined culture, mores traditions and ethical values but not a specific country and its culture. Here, I have taken the UK as a country. The United Kingdom is a part of Europe. But here to know the subculture of the UK, it is necessary to understand what subculture is. Culture is a civilized society of people based on man made mores, ethics traditions and customs. Then what subculture is? How it is created and what are the factors behind its creation? Subculture can be simply defined as different small cultures of different lobbies created in a single culture made by the people. Every lobby is a subculture made by the supporters of the required criteria. However according to web definitions sub culture can be defined as â€Å"A social group with shared characteristics that distinguish it in some way from the larger cultural group or society in which it is embedded. Generally, a subculture is distinguished either by a unifying set of ideas and/or practices (such as the corporate culture or the drug culture) or by some demographic characteristic (such as the adolescent culture or the culture of poverty)†. (Human Diversity in Education) Subculture now has been thoroughly defined but I would clear the European subculture. Subcultures are made from cultures and every subculture has an effect on itself of its own culture. In almost all Western countries even Europe the culture is same. Drinking, nightlife and pre-marital relationships are common in these sorts of countries. Here the people who form their own subcultures take almost every aspect that they think would be helpful in creating their own subcultures. Subcultures have their own classes and kinds. The teenagers create youth subcultures and they are the people who form different subcultures from their traditional culture. Every people in the European society create its own subculture like gays. Gays are considered as a shameful part of the society. So when they feel degraded among other normal people of their society, they thought to gather some of the people of their gay community and created their own gay subculture. In all of this many people like this who feel neglected or the ones who feel that they are given more importance in the society make their groups of the specific name or kind of which they are creating their subcultures. In these subcultures, they are restricted to promote their subcultures and follow all the rules and should abide by the followers of the subculture. Now let us discuss the factors of European sub cultures Drinking, Nightlife, Pubs, Discos, Clubs and other heinous activities such as drugs, smuggling and murdering are a part of European culture. This has been a conflicting situation for the philosophers who study the sub cultures of their nations. In Europe the activities, which are considered vulgar in the third world countries, are the culture of western countries. People of western countries think these actions as a part of their culture but in third world countries, these activities are termed as offensive or improper. The people and youth of the western countries recognize the thinking of these under developed countries as backward but many of them think in an entirely different way. The European countries have become so advanced in the world that in all aspects they do not bear anybody’s comments on the way of their dressing. In contrast, people who live in the Asian Countries don’t like their living style only because of their own culture. They say that people who wear body-revealing clothes and think it as a fashion are wrong because in the Stone Age people did not know how to cover their bodies. They comment that why are we called advanced? What is the reason behind this advancement, which is only leading towards the Stone Age and is so backward that we cannot differentiate between right and wrong? In Europe, teenage drinking is highly neglected by the parents. Teenagers are very bad there. This term or this sentence is very easy to say but no one is ready to understand the factors behind the destruction of these small teenaged kids. All of us know the importance of parents in our life. Parents can create their children on the path of creativity and talent while most of them can destruct their children in a very bad manner. Howsoever, none of the parents want to destruct their children but in the love of money making and their social gatherings they pay no heed to their children and when they get through these destructive subcultures, they are always present to gift a slap to them instead of instructions. This attitude of parents towards their children is not at all neglecting one and they should be punished for not giving correct guidance to their children and when they are fully destructed they go to solve their problems by the means of slaps. Has anybody ever recognized or observed that why teenagers build up their minds towards these subcultures? No, because nobody in this world has the time to guide another person. People who guide the teenagers are so rude that they do not understand instructions and act mi sbehaving. This is not entirely the fault of the youth but the elders who are not there when we are in the nned of strong guidance can only regret this error. Conclusion At last, I would conclude that the rising subcultures in the European or else societies are many times positive while sometimes can be destructive too but this cannot be solved through the slaps and scold. These subcultures are somewhere the reflection of the culture created by the people and which is also highly and strongly abided by them. Then why are they against the creation of their youngsters or their subcultures? This should be cleared that every generation represents the mistakes and is the reflection of the activities done by the people of past. So in that not only teenagers should be scolded instead they should be made to realize how to lead a prosperous life by studying the mistakes of their elders.

My Leaders Profile in early childhood Assignment

My Leaders Profile in early childhood - Assignment Example In this paper therefore, the profile of the Director and nominated Supervisor of Maryland Early Childhood Center based in Sydney, Patricia1 is presented. According to (Leithwood, Day, Sammons, Harris, and Hopkins, 2006), the directors of early childhood educational institutions have to be proficient in teaching strategies, group dynamics, conceptual skills in child development, adept in understanding and implementing issues to do with the correct moral purposes to adopt, and be goal oriented. The profile is therefore presented in a manner that seeks to examine the key characteristics, knowledge, skills, and personality of Patricia to critic how well they match with the proficiency guidelines for directors outlined by Leithwood, Day, Sammons, Harris, and Hopkins (2006). Section 3: My Leader’s Story Introduction Thornton (2005) has argued that early educational school directors should be able to budget their time in such a way that they make time for the parents of their charges so as to discuss the progress of the children. What this implies is that the leader of an early childhood institution must have a social structure principle that focuses not only on the children who are put in their care but also on other agencies such as the home and how such agencies can make their functional duties easier. Indeed, this is a characteristic that my leader has exhibited in her numerous years of experience as a director as she has a story built on the success she has seen as a result of collaborative leadership style with parents and other stakeholders. For instance as noted by Rodd (2005), he has already begun to foster strong networks with other Early Childhood agencies that are located within the community. Management Role The job title of the leader is Nominated Supervisor of a Centre-based child care service. She currently holds the position as a director. Some of the major job descriptions of the director, as specified under the Education and Care Service Nati onal Law and Education and Care Service National Regulations are given as listed below: She is expected to ensure the effective day to day administrative operation of the service and also to make sure that the Centre meets the Education and Care Services National Regulations at all times. What is more, she is required to comply with the National quality Framework and standards to maintain high quality care and education. To achieve this, it is expected that she will ensure compliance with the code of conduct at all times and be responsible for the care and education of each individual child attending the service. Her job description gives mandate over her staff as she is to ensure that adequate supervision and direction is provided for children by ensuring the prescribed educator to child ratios are met and each educator at the service meets the qualification requirements relevant to the educator’s role2. Several more of these job descriptions have been attached at the append ix 2. Generally, management roles can be defined from three major perspectives namely planning, organisation and monitoring, out of which McCrea, N. & Ehrich, L. (1999) have devised the POM model. Model of Management Process McCrea, N. & Ehrich, L. (1999) From the diagram presented above, it would be realised that all three

SMA (Smooth Muscle Antigen) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

SMA (Smooth Muscle Antigen) - Research Paper Example The name smooth muscle comes from the fact that these muscles do not have the banded appearance of skeletal or cardiac muscles. The third group is the cardiac muscles that serve to pump blood through the human body. Cardiac muscles, like the smooth muscles, are controlled involuntarily (Zimmermann, 2014). Several forms disease could affect smooth muscles as shown in the charts below (Elgaddar, 2013). When antigens such as bacteria or viruses attack smooth muscle, the body’s immune system produces antibodies to counter the antigen. Every antibody produced is unique, to defend against one type of antigen. In rare cases, antibodies are produced to attack the body’s own healthy cells. These are called auto antibodies and the person has an autoimmune disorder (Blocka, 2012). The most common smooth muscle disease is hepatitis or inflammation of the lever. Hepatitis types A and B are usually self-limiting. Most cases that require clinical studies are of hepatitis C. When a physician diagnoses smooth muscle problems, the first test he recommends is a test for hepatitis. The hepatitis virus itself cannot be detected in a test. When the virus is present, the human system produces antibodies which can be identified and serve as an indicator for presence of the infection. The Anti-Smooth Muscle Antibody or ASMA test is performed on a blood sample drawn from a vein in the arm of the person (Blocka, 2012). Smooth muscle antibodies were first identified in patients with chronic hepatitis, other liver diseases, viral infections, certain cancers and female infertility. SMA is a heterogeneous group of antibodies reactive with different smooth muscle auto antigens. Different SMAs give different immunofluorescent staining patterns which help the laboratory to identify the SMA (Toh, 1979). The history of the person for whom ASMA test is being administered is of relevance in the conduct of tests and interpretation of results. Hepatitis C is often associated

Science Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Science Research Paper Essay ANALYSIS: What would happen if the experiment was repeated by baking the bread at high temperatures again before starting the experiment? The experiment can be repeated using different types of food like biscuits or cooked rice. It is observed that the 1st bread slice with a few drops of water and kept in the dark space had started to grow mold the fastest. The 5th bread slice that was kept in the refrigerator took the longest for the mold to appear. CONCLUSION: The hypothesis that bread mold will grow faster in warm and damp environment is proven to be true. Mold will grow fast on bread in humid and warm conditions. Bread should be kept in dark, dry and cool places for it to last longer. Bread can also last longer if stored in the fridge or in airtight containers. Mold is an annoyance when it comes to storing food, but it has its usefulness too. Molds help in the decomposing process of decaying animals and plants. Penicillium is used in pharmaceutical work to produce medicine. RESEARCH TEMPERATURE Definition: Temperature is the difference between hot and cold. It is measured on a standard scale. It is a numeric measurement of hotness and coldness. The measurement is based on a flow of heat between two connected objects. One of the most common scales of temperature is Celsius. Low Temperature storage Low Temperature storage (LTS) is what refrigeration and freezing is called. LTS is very effective in slowing the process of spoilage. It also allows longer storage. Refrigeration doesnt cause change to the food but does allow microorganisms to form after a while. Freezing can cause chemical change if the food has not yet been frozen and it goes into the freezer before being treated. After it has been treated it is called quick freezing. Freezing the food before the food has been treated is called slow freezing. Slow freezing causes the substance to leak fluids. Kelvin Kelvin is a fundamental physical quality that is based on the position above or below 273.16K. It is called the triple point of water. Kelvin is the temperature at which water, ice, and water vapor coexist together. Zero degree k is the absolute lowest temperature at which no energy motion of molecules is made. Kelvin is named after William Thompson, Lord Kelvin a British physicist. He introduced this absolute thermodynamic scale in 1848. There are some limits as to how low the temperature can get, but as far as scientists know there isnt a limit as to how high it can get. The lowest temperature that is known is ?273.15 C. MOLD GROWTH Definition Mold is a multi-celled woolly growth made up of microscopic spore colonies, that lives off of dead matter, and form when contact is made with sufficient food. After landing mold attacks its â€Å"prey† with a coating of slime that helps break the food down into small partials. Mold absorbs water and eats carbohydrates such as sugars and fats. There are approximately one hundred thousand known species of mold and scientists think that there are as many  as two hundred thousand. Four main types Penicillium Penicillium is most of the blue and green molds. This particular group of molds contains an antibiotic drug, the same drug that is found in Penicillin. In fact it is what lead to the production of Penicillin. The drug found in it is so strong that inhaling it can cause severe damage to the lung. Rhizopus Rhizopus is a type of bread mold. It is mainly the black molds. They have single tube like hyphea structures instead of many web-like structures. They are widely distributed instead of grouped together like most other molds. Aspergillius Aspergillius are the green colored molds. There are about eighty forms of Aspergillius and over half of them are hazardous and can cause respiratory disorders. Aspergillius is one of the only types of molds that completely smothers its food. Mucon Mucon is the group of white molds. There are over three hundred fifty forms of mold that fit into this group. One of the most commonly seen molds from this group is Mucor mucedo, which is a pin mold. MOLD RELATED PROBLEMS Allergic Disorders Allergic disorders may result from an immune mechanism shut down. Antibiotics can medicate them, immediate types are more life threatening than others and can cause systematic shock. Allergies can result in hives or angioedema, a delayed reaction is a generalized rash. Harmful pathogens Pathogens can harm the human body in many ways. One is through the manufacturing of toxic products (toxins) that are produced by living organisms, either exotoxins or endotoxins. Exotoxins are released onto the surrounding area and contain extremely potential protein compounds that demonstrate selectivity with regards to the site and mode of the attack. Endotoxins are only released when the organism that produced it is broken up and only then is it harmful if eaten. Defense Against In order to defend themselves from this harm, humans and animals have developed a set of complex defense mechanisms, the most common of these systems defend the bodies eternal and external surfaces. Controlling In spite of defense efforts bacterial infections are often harmful or even fatal. Therefore finding other defense methods is critically important to maintaining good health. SUMMARY Mold spores are reproductive structures of filamentous fungi (molds). A single microscopic mold filament, called a hypha, forms a mat that is called a mycelium. Mycelia are visible without a microscope. Molds are very common organisms and can be found where there is moisture, oxygen, and food they need. Molds can be seen on bread, cheese, or fruit. Hot spots of mold growth can be found in basements and bathrooms (especially shower stalls), house plants, and even air conditioners. Molds grow on fallen leaves, rotting logs, certain grasses, and weeds. They also can be found in barns, dairies, bakeries, and greenhouses. The mold mycelium produces reproductive branches above the surface of the mold. These branches carry spores called conidia that function in distribution of mold by air, water, and animals. Among different molds, sporesemployed in asexual reproductionvary in size, shape, and color. Each spore can germinate to start a new mold, which in turn produces million of spores. Spores are very tough structures: they are resistant to drying, freezing, heating, and some chemicals. The majority of the mold spores are disseminated by air. A sample of air may contain up to 2  million spores per cubic meter, but on average, about 10,000 spores inhabit one cubic meter of air. The amount of mold spores in the air in some areas is greater than the amount of pollen. Certain types of mold spores can cause various allergic reactions in humans, such as irritations of the eyes, nose, and throat. About 20 to 30 percent of the population develops allergic responses after exposure to these mold spores. The most common allergenic spores in the United States are Alternaria cladosporium, Aspergillus, Fusarium, Mucor, Rhizopus, and Penicillium. In some people, exposure to mold spores leads to asthma (Madigan, 2009). Some mold spores, if they reach lungs, can cause infections called mycoses. Systemic mycoses are the most serious category of mold infection. The host becomes infected by inhaling spores that germinate in the lungs. In the United States, two of the most common mold infections of that type are coccidioidomycosis, caused by Coccidioides immitis, and histoplasmosis, caused by Histoplasma capsulatum. Mild coccidioidomycosis may go unnoticed or produce symptoms similar to those of pneumonia or tuberculosis (Madigan, 2009). The human immune system normally destroys mold spores and neutralizes mold infections. In a small number of cases, however, more serious coccidioidomycosis develops and lesions of the skin, bones, joints, internal organs, and brain (meningitis) occur. Progressive histoplasmosis symptoms include lung cavities, sputum production, night sweats, and weight loss (Madigan, 2009). The weather and mold-spore distribution are closely related. Spore count is usually higher in temperate and tropical regions than in the polar and northern regions. In colder climates, molds are present in the air during the period between late winter and late fall. In warmer climates, mold spores are found throughout the year. It is likely that warmer temperatures due to global warming will result in an increase and even abundance of mold spores and, therefore, in considerable increase of allergic reactions. Repeated exposure to a massive amount of mold spores (100 million per cubic meter) can cause serious allergy-related health problems, including chills, fever, dry cough, breathlessness, weight loss, and even permanent lung damage. Global warming is believed to be a major factor in the explosion of mold-related asthma and mold infections (Beggs, 2004). For instance, the causative agent of coccidioidomycosis can be found in geographical areas with high summer temperatures and mild winters. In the southwestern regions of the United  States, where this climate prevails, an estimated 80 percent of inhabitants are currently infected. Infectious disease specialists suggest that global warming will cause the further expansion of the geographic ranges of coccidioidomycosis infection. Scientists predict that climate change could also increase the spread of histoplasmosis, which at present afflicts about 500,000 people annually. Another example of mold-spore infection spreading as a result of climate change is the infection caused by Cryptococcus gattii. Though previously it was only seen in Australia and other subtropical regions, this mold is spreading in Canadas Vancouver Island and the Pacific Northwest. It can cause serious human infection of the lungs and brain. In addition, molds are the cause of numerous plant diseases. The increase of plant fungal diseases due to global warming may have a negative impact on plants ability to take up carbon dioxide (CO2), a greenhouse gas, thereby increasing the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere and contributing to further warming. Managing mold plant infections may also require pesticides whose production consumes fossil fuels and generates even more CO2 emissions. There is another indirect relationship between mold spores and climate change. In nature, many molds are capable of decomposing woody plants such as trees. Cellulose and lignin in these trees are the biological molecules most resistant to decomposition. Molds, however, use cellulose and lignin from woody plants as their source of energy and carbon, and they release CO2 in the process. Trees function as carbon sinks, retaining carbon for the duration of their lives and sequestering it from the atmosphere. As global climate change increases the amount of mold spores and, eventually, molds, the CO2 released by decomposition of woody plants by those molds will also increase. Eliminating mold spores is impractical. Therefore, the only solution to keep molds under control is to control global warming.

The Repeating Island Essay -- Literary Analysis, Benintez-Rojo

In The Repeating Island, Antonio Benintez-Rojo writes on postindustrial societies inaccurate views of the Caribbean as a common archipelago and calls on postindustrial societies to reexamine their view of the Caribbean. In this paper the following topics in The Repeating Island will be examined in validating Benitez- Rojo’s perspective that the Caribbean is a meta-archipleago with no boundaries or center: Columbus’s machine to the sugar-making machine, the apocalypse to chaos, rhythm to polyrhythm, and literature to carnival. The first way Benitez-Rojo draws attention to his perspective is through his analysis on how the Atlantic became known as the Atlantic because of the presence of European slave plantations, piracy, servitude, and monopoly over the trades in the Caribbean. He refers to Christopher Columbus presence in Hispaniola as the starting point of â€Å"the machine† (Benitez- Rojo 5) that brought a wealth of goods from Hispaniola to Spain, who then spread its profitable practice to Cuba, Jamaica, and Puerto Rico at the expense of native people (6). After the Cape San Vicente disaster, where the Spanish lost treasure from French pirates, in 1565 Columbus’s machine expanded its conquests of gold, silver, and diamonds thus creating the fleet. The fleet not only helped the Spanish become wealthy, it made the Caribbean a meta-archipelago because of its presence in the waters of the Caribbean, Atlantic, and Pacific. Menendez de Aviles’s fleet proved successful in protecting gold and silver from pirate attacks through the use of Caribbean ports, forts, militia, and geography (8). In today’s Caribbean â€Å"the machine† is referred to as the plantation, which the Europeans controlled all aspects o... ...ted by it (23). Benitez-Rojo calls on a rereading of the Caribbean text and states once this is done, the result is the text showing the harmony of rhythms whose attempts to escape ‘in a certain kind of way’ (28). It is through carnaval the text can be seen in its most natural form, a meta-archipleago of everyday life. In The Repeating Island, Antonio Benintez-Rojo defends his perspective that the Caribbean is a meta-archipleago with no boundaries or center through his writing on Columbus’s machine to the sugar-making machine, the apocalypse to chaos, rhythm to polyrhythm, and literature to carnival. He debunks postindustrial society’s view of the Caribbean as a common archipelago by examining what makes the Caribbean, the Caribbean through its history and culture, which persuades the reader to reexamine the various writing on the Caribbean.

Poverty and Social Stratification Essay

Absolute poverty corresponds to the situation wherein the individual person cannot survive or live due to lack of basic needs or resources such as food, water, clothes, medicines and the likes. On the other hand, Relative Poverty is the situation wherein the person could not satisfy his personal wants but this does not imply that the person is not going to survive. Social Stratification simply denotes the systems of layers and/or divisions made in the society that shall reflect their relative poverty or wealth. It is not focus in the individual person but instead refer to a larger group of people. The different kinds of Social Stratification are class systems, caste system and slavery systems. Today a so-called Global Stratification exist that categorizes each country according to their economy, population and wealth or national income. The most industrialized countries relatively are the wealthiest, their economy are mostly capitalist. The industrializing or otherwise known as developing countries have much lower standard of living and income than the industrialized. The least industrialized countries are the most poverty stricken. It includes majority of the South East Asian, Latin America and most of Africa. Most analyst believes that the economic growth of a country lies on raising the social standing of women, because in most industrialized countries women are given equal opportunity like men while in the least industrialized countries women are commonly regarded to have lower social status and capabilities than men. Uplifting the standing of men in a society would generally increase the labor force. Educating women would create women who are as much competitive as that of men. This type of women would be able to compete with men in a capitalist setting. Only when there is an equal treatment between men and women could a society fruitfully developed. Otherwise, women would be stagnant part of the economic system. The more players there are in an economic system the faster is the economic progress since there are more participants. References Relative and Absolute Poverty. Retrieved on November 9, 2006. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www. qvctc. commnet. edu/brian/soc/sld027. htm Global Social Stratification. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache:jmq-xfTAm0UJ:www. ilstu. edu/~jeweinz/soc106/notes/ch7notes. doc+global+social+stratification&hl=tl&ct=clnk&cd=1&gl=ph